How to Manage Your Dog’s Arthritis and Joint Pain

Across all ages, about 20 percent of dogs suffer from arthritis. The condition can be mild and unnoticeable in your pet or debilitating to the point of excruciating pain. You can help ease their discomfort by learning about and giving them the right nutrition and support for their condition.

The following guide will explain arthritis and joint pain in dogs: what it is, its causes, and what to do if you suspect your dog has arthritis. 

Causes of Arthritis and Joint Pain in Dogs

Arthritis is abnormal pain, stiffness, swelling, or decreased mobility in the joints and surrounding tissue. The joints are where two or more bones come together in the body. There is usually flexible tissue called cartilage between them, as well as a type of fluid. This cartilage keeps bones from rubbing together as they move. Over time, or due to illness or injury, that cartilage can wear down. Since cartilage has a limited blood supply, it does not heal quickly and sometimes it does not heal at all. According to recent research, scientists think that once bones stop growing the cartilage stops being able to heal. Without it buffering their bones, your dog can experience pain.

The two main types of arthritis are osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) is the deterioration of the joints. The signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis include:

• Stiffness
• Limping
• Favoring a leg
• Difficulty getting up and down
• Reluctance to climb, jump, and play
• Licking of affected area
• Fever
• Appetite loss
• Fear of touch
• Swelling or tenderness
• Lethargy
• Limited mobility

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints and the whole body. Autoimmune diseases are those in which the immune system, which normally protects the body from disease and infection, mistakenly attacks healthy blood cells. Rheumatoid arthritis specifically attacks the joints by degrading the cartilage. The damage to the joints from RA occurs early in the disease progression. While RA is typically uncommon in dogs, it can appear during middle age in small and toy breeds such as Miniature Poodles and Shetland Sheepdogs. The symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in dogs include:

• Fever
• Lack of appetite
• Joint swelling
• Kidney disease
• Urinary tract infections
• Pneumonia
• Decreased appetite
• Unwillingness or inability to walk
• Limb or muscle atrophy
• Tonsillitis
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Lameness in one or more limbs

What Are the Causes of Arthritis and Joint Pain in Dogs?

Arthritis in dogs can stem from a wide range of causes—some genetic, others environmental or health-related. Below are the most common triggers and risk factors that may contribute to joint pain in your dog:

• Chronic Inflammation: Long-term inflammation can damage joints and trigger arthritis.
• Genetics: Large breeds are prone to osteoarthritis; small/toy breeds may develop rheumatoid arthritis.
• Obesity: Overweight dogs often develop arthritis earlier due to added joint stress.
• Joint Stress or Trauma: Injuries or repetitive motion (e.g., high-impact activities) accelerate joint wear.
• Scurvy (Vitamin C imbalance): Rare but possible; too much vitamin C can worsen osteoarthritis.
• Clotting Disorders: Blood clot issues or repeated joint bleeding can degrade cartilage.
• Systemic Diseases: Lupus, vasculitis, and polyarthritis cause full-body and joint inflammation. One study estimated that 20 percent of unknown fevers in dogs are due to Systemic Polyarthritis Disease.
• Bacterial Infections: Septic arthritis can develop from post-surgical infections or injuries.
• Elbow Dysplasia: A growth-related defect in larger breeds that often leads to arthritis.
• Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD): Interrupted bone/cartilage development causing joint pain.
• Metabolic Disorders: Conditions like von Willebrand’s disease cause joint bleeding and arthritis.
  Knee Dysplasia: Congenital defects or luxating patellas lead to osteoarthritis.
• Cancer: Rheumatoid arthritis and its treatments may increase cancer risk; bone cancer mimics arthritis.
  Rapid Puppy Growth: Overnutrition (especially calcium) can result in skeletal joint disorders.
  Diabetes: Alters musculoskeletal function, increasing risk of joint damage and pain.
• Hip Dysplasia: Common in large breeds; malformed hip sockets lead to cartilage erosion.
• Gout: Rare in dogs but causes joint inflammation from uric acid buildup (e.g., in Dalmatians, Shepherds).

Nutrition and Supplements to Support Your Dog’s Joints

A balanced diet is one of the most powerful tools for managing arthritis. High-quality food can reduce inflammation, maintain a healthy weight, and support joint health. Supplements can also help, though unlike pharmaceuticals, they’re not tightly regulated by the FDA and may vary in effectiveness. Some can cause side effects or interact with medications, so always consult your vet before starting anything new.

Here are some of the most common supplements used to support dogs with arthritis:

• Acetyl-L-Carnitine: Supports energy production, slows environmental damage, and may help with rheumatoid arthritis. Safe with no known side effects. Dosage: 25 mg per lb every 12 hours.
• Alfalfa: Anti-inflammatory herb rich in vitamins and minerals (A, D, E, K, B complex, calcium, iron, etc.). Acts as a diuretic. Use caution with anemic dogs due to anticoagulant effects. Dosage: 1 tsp powder per 50 lbs.
• Antioxidants: Include vitamins C, E, A, selenium, carotenoids, turmeric, and rosemary. Help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation.
• Beta-Carotene: Found in carrots, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin. Reduces arthritis-related swelling. Avoid excess in dogs prone to oxalate stones.
• Chicken Feet: Natural source of glucosamine and chondroitin. May support joint health but lacks definitive scientific backing. Can be given as a treat.
• Chinese Skullcap: Traditionally used for inflammation but poses risks like liver toxicity. Not widely recommended.
• Cosequin: A commercial supplement with glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese. May help with stiffness. Watch for allergies or GI upset.
• Creatine: May support muscle strength in dogs with arthritis-related atrophy. Potential side effects include dehydration and GI issues.
• Duralactin (MicroLactin): A milk-derived anti-inflammatory protein. Reduces white blood cell migration to inflamed joints. Dosage: 1000 mg for 40–80 lbs every 12 hrs.
• Elk Velvet Antler: Contains collagen, chondroitin, and amino acids. Thought to reduce inflammation and pain. Dosage: 4–10 mg per lb daily.
• Glucosamine & Chondroitin Sulfate: Help regenerate cartilage and retain joint moisture. Widely used with modest, gradual effects. Safe at higher doses.
• Green-Lipped Mussels: Rich in omega-3s and amino acids. May reduce inflammation like fish oil. Dosage: 15 mg per lb.
• Licorice Root: Contains natural corticosteroid-like compounds. Use with caution in dogs on blood thinners or diuretics. Dosage varies by form; powdered: 1/8 tsp per 10 lbs.
• MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane): Supports connective tissue and reduces pain. Dosage: 50–100 mg per 10 lbs. May cause digestive issues at high doses.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oils (EPA & DHA). Reduce inflammation and may reduce NSAID reliance. Can be fed via canned salmon or fish oil capsules.
• SAMe (S-Adenosyl-L-methionine): May support joint and liver health. Some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Dosage: 10–14 mg per lb daily.
• St. John’s Wort: Lacks evidence for arthritis relief. May interact with medications. Use cautiously for mood support only.
• Turmeric (Curcumin): Strong anti-inflammatory compound. Best used preventatively. Dosage: 1/16–1/8 tsp per 10 lbs, up to 3x/day.
• Vitamin C: Dogs produce it naturally, but production drops during illness. Calcium or sodium ascorbate forms are gentler. Dosage: 18 mg per lb/day; increase gradually while monitoring stools.
• Yucca: Contains saponins with anti-inflammatory properties. Use no more than 4–5 times weekly.

What to Avoid Feeding Your Dog with Arthritis and Joint Pain

Food can act as medicine in the body. However, it can also act like a toxin. Different foods can cause inflammation and worsen the symptoms of arthritis. Some foods just have no nutritional value, and can act as an empty stomach filler. If your dog has arthritis or joint pain, avoid feeding them the following foods:

Corn: Another controversial dog food topic, corn is a staple ingredient and filler in many dog foods. Corn has high carbohydrate content and while a source of quick energy, it can also cause a sensitivity that leads to inflammation for some dogs. This would not be an immediate reaction upon eating it, but would gradually worsen your dog’s inflammation over time.

Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Most omega-6 fatty acids come from canola, corn, and soy oils. Also found in meat and poultry, omega-6’s are part of a normal dog’s diets, but should be kept to a minimum for dogs who suffer from arthritis. The body converts excess omega-6’s such as linoleic acid in the body to arachidonic acid, which is highly inflammatory to arthritis sufferers.

Grains: Many grains are a source of inflammation and can aggravate arthritis symptoms. Many processed commercial dog foods contain grains such as wheat, rice, soy, and spelt. Limiting the grains in your dog’s diet can decrease their inflammation.

What to Do If You Suspect Your Dog Has Arthritis or Conditions That Lead to Arthritis

If you suspect that your dog may be suffering from arthritis or joint pain, the first step is always to consult your vet. There may be underlying conditions that your vet can diagnose and treat. There are things that you can do to support his joint function and health. These include:

• Take your dog to the vet for regular checkups. Your vet can diagnose if your dog has arthritis and any underlying conditions or inflammation that have led to arthritis. As a last resort, surgery may be recommended, and you should consult with your vet on the best plan.
• Exercise your dog. Even with arthritis, it is still critical to keep your dog moving. Exercising can keep his muscles strong and blood circulating. It is a balancing act, however, because too much or too little can worsen his condition.
• Massage therapy. Whether you hire someone or learn to perform it yourself, massage can improve your dog’s flexibility and circulation.
• Give your dog supplements. Choose options with your vet’s guidance, introduce them slowly to avoid digestive upset, and track your dog’s response over time since benefits may take weeks to show.
• Acupuncture. Some dogs have shown a positive response to acupuncture treatments.
• Consider your home environment. Keep your dog warm, dry, and off slippery floors. Use soft bedding and rugs for traction, and minimize stairs or jumping with ramps or easy access to key areas.
  
• Feed your dog high-quality food that helps to keep him slim. Decreasing the load on his joints is critical. Overweight dogs decline more quickly and struggle with more medical problems, decreasing their quality of life.
• Administer pain medication. Work with your vet to determine if you need to give your dog more than supplements.

What You Need to Know About Pain Medication for Arthritis and Joint Pain

Arthritis and joint pain in dogs can be managed with a variety of medications. These treatments include prescription injections, NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and corticosteroids.

Prescription injections

• Hyaluronic acid (Legend): Injected to regulate inflamed joint cells, heal joint lining, and increase joint fluid viscosity. FDA approved for horses and sometimes used off-label in dogs. Typical schedule is once a week for four weeks, then monthly.
• Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan (Adequan): Similar to natural joint fluid and helps rebuild cartilage. Some dogs improve after just two to three injections. Side effects are minimal.
  

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

• Prescription options include carprofen (Novox, Rimadyl), deracoxib, firocoxib (Previcox), and meloxicam.
• Side effects can include kidney, liver, or digestive issues.
• Buffered aspirin: Available over the counter and coated to reduce intestinal irritation. Long-term use may still cause stomach upset or ulcers. Always follow dosage instructions carefully.

Corticosteroids

• Examples include Prednisone and Dexamethasone.
• Can reduce swelling and inflammation but may contribute to additional joint damage over time.

Important: Never give your dog medication meant for humans. Dosages and formulations can be toxic—especially for small dogs.

The Doctor’s Take on Feeding Your Dog with Arthritis

Our expert, Dara Rewers, DVM, is a Holistic Veterinarian with Ancient Arts Holistic Veterinary Services. She tells us that the least processed, whole food nutrition is the best food for your dog’s arthritis and to keep the joints healthy. Whole food nutrition is best for an anti-inflammatory diet, which means you give your dog food with no GMO’s, wheat, corn, egg, soy, or gluten. This also means that the food should not contain antibiotics, and should ideally be pasture-raised and grass-fed (particularly if it’s beef, bison, and lamb).

Additionally, Dr. Rewers recommends Chinese herbal supplements, such as those she uses in her practice. She explains that supplements such as green tripe and venison jerky are also great for supplementing protein (amino acids) and enzymes, which both help with inflammation.

Dr. Rewers warns dog owners to avoid gluten as much as possible. Also avoid using too much peanut butter since it often has aflatoxins, which are carcinogenic toxins often found in agricultural crops such as peanuts. Lastly, avoid dairy, as it causes inflammation.

Food for Dogs with Arthritis and Joint Pain

Hippocrates said, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” For dogs with arthritis, that philosophy still holds true. The right diet can ease inflammation, protect joints, support mobility—and even help prevent future damage.

Look for formulations rich in joint-supportive nutrients like omega-3s, antioxidants, and manganese, and avoid fillers and inflammatory ingredients that can worsen symptoms. Some dog foods also help maintain a healthy weight or support other needs like digestion or coat health.

 Helpful Formulations for Joint Health

Here are common types of dog food formulations and how they can help manage arthritis symptoms:

• Grain-Free or Low-Grain: Reduces inflammation for dogs sensitive to grains.
• Reduced Calorie / Low Fat: Helps overweight dogs reduce joint strain.
• Holistic or Organic: Avoids artificial preservatives and chemical additives.
• High-Quality Protein: Supports aging muscles and joint repair (aim for 15–30% in the diet).
• High Fiber: May reduce inflammation and help manage weight in older dogs.
• Senior Formulas: Typically lower in calories and higher in fiber for aging pets.
• Digestive Support: Includes prebiotics and gentle ingredients to reduce GI stress.
• Anti-Inflammatory Diets: Contain natural ingredients that minimize inflammation.
• Therapeutic Dog Food: Vet-recommended for advanced joint issues (regulated and research-backed).
• Raw Food: Minimally processed, nutrient-rich, and free from inflammatory fillers.

Why Darwin’s Raw Food Supports Joint Health

A raw diet can be a powerful tool in managing arthritis naturally. Darwin’s meals are free of grains and high-starch fillers and instead focus on fresh, whole ingredients that reduce inflammation and promote a healthy weight.

• Intelligent Design™ Joint & Musculoskeletal Support for Dogs: This veterinary-prescribed formula is crafted to support dogs with arthritis and joint issues. Each 2.0 lb meal features high-quality meats and organic vegetables—without grains, fillers, or chemical preservatives—to deliver targeted joint support.

With the right nutrition and supplements, your dog’s arthritis can be more manageable—and their quality of life improved. Ask your vet if Darwin’s raw or prescription meals are the right step forward.